### modern-type governing bodies In the history of governing in Europe, what are referred to as the modern type of governing bodies came into existence at the turn of the 15th century in France and in the Holy roman Empire by Burgundian mediation. The organisation of such a governing body took place for the first time in Hungary after the Habsburg Ferdinand I. came to the throne and named the Hungarian Chamber. One of the criterion of the modern type of governing bodies is corporation (team-spirit) according to which a body that consists of councillors has the rights to bring decisions by majority voting in matters pertaining to the governing body's sphere of authority; another is centralisation which means that the aforementioned governing bodies operate centrally and by representing a central state interest in accordance with orders given by the ruler; and finally consistency meaning that they perform their duties consistency. Being "modern" also means that the certain administration areas gradually segregate within the system of the government and replaced by a stratum of expertise civil servants the members of which are appointed by the ruler. OT