farmstead, rotational farming, regulated soil rotating
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The private estate of the landlord, which was not cultivated within the system of the land pieces of villeins. Its Latin name is allodium. Since the 14th century mainly farmsteads on waste lands were cultivated through hired or non-hired workers, and they were often used for keeping animals there. In the Middle Ages farmsteads were very small territories compared to the territory of all the land pieces of the village. The only important role they played was in animal husbandry.
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rotational farming
A farming system, which is based on the regular, annual rotation of cultivated and uncultivated land plots. Its Hungarian name [nyomás = pressure] refers to the fact that animals treaded and fertilised the soil. It was compulsory to rotate the land pieces, which defined the way of use of a particular piece of land for all the people of the village. In Transdanubia the three-course rotation system spread: one third of the land was used for sowing the winter corn, another third for sowing the summer corn and the third part remained uncultivated.
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regulated soil rotating system
A farming system which followed the unregulated, or wild soil rotating system in Hungary in the 13th-14th centuries. The cultivation of the land was regulated: some territories were assigned for cultivation, others for being a waste land, and this was altered at regular intervals. A period lasted for 2-3 or 6-8 years. In the Transdanubian region it was used till the 14-15th centuries, while in the Great Plain it was in use till the 18th century.
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