CHAPTER XII

SUBCHAPTERs:

Bibliography

For a general survey of mid-nineteenth century literature, I. Sőtér: Nemzet és haladás (1963); also J. Horváth’s ‘A nemzeti klasszicizmus irodalmi ízlése’ in his Tanulmányok (1956).

From the copious literature on Arany cf. G. Voinovich’s biography Arany János életrajza, 3 vols. (1929-30). A fine analysis of his lifework in F. Riedl: Arany János (1887, latest ed. 1957). Also G. Barta’s Arany János (1953). The most recent and substantial work by D. Keresztury: ‘S mi vagyok én …’ (1967) is Part One of an uncompleted monograph. On Toldi cf. G. Lukács’s ‘A százéves Toldi’ (Forum,1948, reprinted in his Magyar irodalom-magyar kultúra, 1970). In English, A. Hevesi’s sketch ‘Two Great Hungarian Poets’ (Slavonic and East European Review, 1930), also J. Reményi’s ‘János Arany’ (Symposium, 1952, reprinted in his Hungarian Writers and Literature, Rutgers U. P., 1964). On the ‘Bards of Wales’, N. Masterman: ‘The Massacre of the Bards’ (Welsh Review, 1948).

For Gyulai, F. Papp’s Gyulai Pál, 2 vols. (19391), an extensive monograph. In English, J. Reményi: ‘Pál Gyulai’ (Modern Language Journal, 1953).

On Zs. Kemény the most recent work is by M. Nagy: Kemény Zsigmond (1972), putting Kemény’s novels into a European context and with a bibliographical essay. Of earlier studies, J. Péterfy’s essay ‘Kemény Zsigmond mint regényíró’ is still important (Budapesti Szemle, 1881, most recent reprint in his Válogatott művei, 1962, ed. by B. G. Németh); also M. Sükösd’s ‘Kemény Zsigmond regényrétegei’ (Új Irás, 1971). In English, J. Reményi’s ‘Zsigmond Kemény’ (The Personalist, 1955, reprinted in his Hungarian Writers).

On Madách, M. Palágyi: Madách Imre élete és költészete (1900), also G. Voinovich: Madách Imre és Az Ember Tragédiája (1922); J. Barta: Madách Imre (1942). The latest monograph is by J. Mezei (1977), and there is a bulky Madách-tanulmányok ed. K. Horváth (1978). For a Marxist critique cf. G. Lukács ‘Madách tragédiája’ in his Magyar irodalom-magyar kultúra (1970). In English, for a general survey cf. A. Hevesi: ‘Madách and the Tragedy of Man’ (Slavonic and East European Review, 1930), and J. Reményi’s ‘Imre Madách and his Drama’ (The Bulletin of the National Theatre Conference, 1950, reprinted in his Hungarian Writers); there is also a unique psychoanalytical study of The Tragedy-G. Róheim: ‘Psychology and History, or “The Tragedy of Man” ‘ in his Psychoanalysis and Anthropology (N.Y., 1950; Several paperback reprints). There is an excellent short essay on the Civiliser by D. Mervyn Jones in Studia Aristophanea ed. by R. E. H. Westen doop Boerma (Amsterdam, 1967). For Madách’s influence on Joyce, A. Fáj: ‘Probable Byzantine and Hungarian Models of Ulysses and Finnegans Wake’ (Arcadia, 1967).

Texts

Arany’s works are widely available in Hungarian. A critical edition of his works is in progress (vols. 1-15, 1951-75, ed. by D. Keresztury), and there are several editions of his complete poems. Of his major works The Death of King Buda is available in English, translated by W. Kirkconnell (Cleveland. 1936) with a good introduction and annotations.

The Legend of the Wondrous Hunt (a canto of the above) was translated by E. D. Butler (1881). W. N. Loew produced an ambitious volume: Toldi, Toldi’s Eve, Ballads, Selected Lyrics (N.Y., 1914). Most of the general anthologies contain poems in translation.

The standard edition of Gyulai is Gyulai Pál munkái, 4 vols. (1928). A recent selection: Válogatott művei, ed. by I. Hermann (1956). The Last Master of an Old Manor House was translated by A. J. Patterson and published in Cornhill Magazine (1872).

The collected works of Zsigmond Kemény were published by P. Gyulai: Összes művei, 12 vols. (1896-1908). Most of Kemény’s novels are available in modern editions with good introductions. Kemény has not been translated into English.

The best collected works of Madách: Összes művei, ed. by G. Halász in 2 vols. (1942). There is, however, no critical edition as yet. The Tragedy of Man is available in numerous editions, and there is a recent Válogatott művei ed. by I. Sőtér (1958). The first English version of The tragedy consists of excerpts only by G. A. Kohut, in C. D. Warner ed., Library of the World’s Best Literature, vol. 16 (N.Y., 1897). William N. Loew made the first full translation: The Tragedy of Man (N.Y., 1909). The ‘Bloomsbury intellectuals’ showed an interest in Madách; Leonard and Virginia Woolf had the best available translation by C. P. Sanger published by their Hogarth Press (1933). In the same year a joint enterprise was published in Budapest, translated by C. H. Meltzer and P. Vajda, with a good introduction by A. Hevesi, the initiator of the project and the director of the Hungarian National Theatre, who staged The Tragedy in his own production. This translation has several editions: New York, 1935, Budapest, 1948, 1957, and 1960. The latest English version is done by J. C. W. Horne of the British Museum, and was first published in Budapest, 1963. This is the most widely available translation for the time being, although C. P. Sanger’s version was reissued in Sydney in 1953 with an explanatory introduction by E. F. Kunz.