CHAPTER XVII

Bibliography

There is no monograph on the periodical Nyugat, but there is an index which greatly facilitates its use, F. Galambos: Nyugat repertórium (1959). About its editors cf. ‘The Course of “Nyugat”’ (Times Literary Supplement, 1969) and Joseph Held: ‘Young Hungary: The Nyugat Periodical, 1908-1914’, in S. B. Winters and J. Held eds. Intellectual and Social Developments in the Habsburg Empire (Boulder, Col., 1975) and J. Reményi: ‘Ignotus, Man of Letters’ (Slavonic and East European Review, 1949, reprinted in his Hungarian Writers and Literature, Rutgers U. P., 1964). Also by him ‘Aladár Schöpflin, Hungarian Critic’ (Symposium, 1947).

The literature on Ady is extensive. Of the early biographies with much primary information the following should be consulted: G. Bölöni: Az igazi Ady (Paris, 1934; latest reprint: 1966). G. Földessy: Ady, az ember és a költő (1943); also by him: Ady minden titkai (1949, latest edition: 1962). B. Révész: Ady trilógiája (1935). A. Schöpflin’s work: Ady Endre (1934) is still an excellent guide to his poetry. L. Vatai: Az Isten szörnyetege (Washington, 1963) is an original approach. A good new general work, E. Vezér: Ady Endre alkotásai és vallomásai tükrében (1968). The most comprehensive monograph on all aspects of Ady’s life and work is by I. Király: Ady Endre, 2 vols. (1970). A. Karátson’s Le Symbolisme en Hongrie (1969) is devoted to the influence of French literature on the poets of Nyugat with a substantial chapter on Ady. In English the best introduction to his poetry is undoubtedly Anton N. Nyerges’s very instructive piece in his Poems of Endre Ady (Buffalo, N.Y.,1969). Also ‘Ady, a Revolutionary Dreamer’ (Times Literary Supplement, 21 Nov. 1952). L. Bóka’s ‘Endre Ady and the Present’ (New Hungarian Quarterly, 1962) is a general introduction to his poetry with translations. Lee Congdon’s ‘Endre Ady Summons to the National Regeneration in Hungary, 1900-1919’ (Slavic Review, 1974) treats Ady in the socio-political context. Further studies, A. Hegedűs: ‘Studies in Modern Hungarian Literature’ (Slavonic Review, 1931); W. Kirkconnell ‘The Poetry of Ady’ (Hungarian Quarterly, 1937) with translations; C. Lengyel: ‘Ady, a Hungarian Genius’ (Poet Lore, 1942); György Lukács: ‘The Importance and Influence of Ady’ (New Hungarian Quarterly, 1969); J. Reményi: ‘Endre Ady, Apocalyptic Poet’ (Slavonic and East European Review, 1944, reprinted in his Hungarian Writers); and finally, A. H. Whitney’s ‘Synaesthesia in 20th Century Hungarian Poetry’ (Slavonic and East European Review, 1952) treats mainly Ady’s poetry.

About the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the latest work is by Leo Valiani: The End of Austria-Hungary: The Definite Account of the Collapse of a Great Empire (1973). Much of what has been written on the Kun regime in Hungarian is one-sided. In English, R. L. Tőkés: Béla Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic (N.Y., 1967), and I. Völgyes: Hungary in Revolution, 1918-1979 (U. of Nebraska, 1971). Mihály Károlyi’s autobiography is available in English: Faith Without Illusion (1956). Arthur Koestler, who was born in Hungary, wrote some interesting personal recollections of those turbulent times, which he saw as a child, in his Autobiography Vol. 1: Arrow in the Blue (1952) and Vol. 2: The Invisible Writing (1954).

On Kuncz, B. Pomogáts’s book (1968); there is no monograph on Gyóni and Markovits. The literature on Krúdy is growing, but there is no full-scale monograph as yet. An important collection of documents and bibliography is that by A. Tóbiás, ed. Krúdy világa (1964). There is, however, a good work on the early Krúdy, B. Katona: Krúdy Gyula pályakezdése (1971); a good dissertation, L. Kelemen: Krúdy Gyula (Szeged, 1938); an analysis of his imagery, G. Kemény: Krúdy képalkotása (1974), and an examination of the structures in his novels by A. Kibédi Varga: ‘Szerkezet és jelentés Krúdy regényeiben’ (Új Látóhatár, 1972). In English, J. Reményi’s article (Poet Lore, 1948, reprinted in his Hungarian Writers); also G. Sebestyén: ‘Gy. Krúdy’s World’ (New Hungarian Quarterly, 1969).

Texts

Ady’s collected poems, as can be expected, are available in various recent editions. The critical edition of his work is in progress in two series; so far Összes versei vol. 1(1969- ) ed. by S. Koczkás, and Összes prózai művei vols. 1-11 (1955-82), ed. by G. Földesi, have been published. In English: Poems of Endre Ady, introduction and translations by Anton N. Nyerges (Buffalo, N.Y., 1969); a large selection, containing most of the poems referred to in the text. Ady is extremely difficult to translate; some of Nyerges’s efforts are nevertheless reasonably successful. His earlier, smaller volume: A Selection of Poems from the Writings of Endre Ady (Indiana U. P., 1946). Another ambitious undertaking is Poems tr. by R. Bonnerjea (Bp., 1941). For his prose, The Explosive Country: A selection of articles and studies, 1891-916 (Bp., 1977). All the anthologies contain Ady translations, including the latest by T. Kabdebó: 100 Hungarian Poems (Manchester, 1976). There are some more translations by G. Turton in the Slavonic and East European Review (1937 and 1939), by W. Kirkconnell, ibid, (1944); in The New Hungarian Quarterly by J. C. W. Horne (1962), and by Edwin Morgan (1969).

There is an enormous anthology of texts written during the revolutionary upheavals, F. József ed. ‘Mindenki újakra készül’: Az 1918-19-es forradalmak irodalma, 4 vols. (1959-67).

There is a Gyóni Géza: Összes versei (1941) and a recent selection, Csak egy éjszakára (1959) by S. Z. Szalai, with a good introduction and a bibliography (latest ed: 1967). In English ‘Just for a Single Night’ tr. by A. H. Whitney (Slavonic and East European Review, 1951). A fekete kolostor by A. Kuncz is in print. In English: The Black Monastery (1934).

Latest edition of Szibériai garnizon by R. Markovits (Bucharest, 1965) with an essay by J. Méliusz. In English: Siberian Garrison (1929).

Krúdy’s novels are widely available in recent editions. There is no critical edition of any of his works, and their chronology is uncertain, since most of the stories were first published in newspapers and exist in more than one version with variations of titles. In English: The Crimson Coach (Bp., 1967). Of his stories ‘Death and the Journalist’ in Hungarian Short Stories (Bp., 1962); ‘The Last Cigar at the Grey Arab’ in Hungarian Short Stories (1967); and in the New Hungarian Quarterly ‘The Hand Stand’ (1963), ‘Ten Days’ Vacation’ (1967), ‘Sindbad’s Autumn Journey’ (1969).