CHAPTER VI

Bibliography

For a general survey of the Age of Enlightenment in Hungary see D. Kosáry: Művelődés a XVlll. századi Magyarországon (1980) and B. K. Király: Hungary in the late 18th Century: The Decline of Enlightened Despotism (Columbia U.P. 1969). For the Jacobin movement, E. Wangermann: From Joseph II to the Jacobin Trials (OUP, 1959).

M. C. Ives in her Enlightenment and National Revival: Patterns of Interplay and Paradox in Late 18th Century Hungary. (With a selection of documents in translation, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1979) gives a concise intellectual history of the Hungarian Enlightenment. G. F. Cushing’s ‘Birth of National Literature in Hungary’ (Slavonic and East European Review,1960) is a useful survey of certain aspects of the transitional period. Cf. also M. C. Ives: ‘Sándor Szacsvay and the Dilemma of the Hungarian Enlightenment’ (European Studies Review, 1975). G. Bárány’s ‘Hoping Against Hope: The Enlightened Age in Hungary’ (The American Historical Review, 1971) concentrates on general intellectual trends but gives a reasonable portrait of Csokonai too. J. Waldapfel’s Magyar irodalom a felvilágosodás korában (3rd ed. 1963) examines the chief authors of the age from an orthodox Marxist standpoint. For the leading literary figures of the age cf. R. Gálos: Bessenyei György életrajza (1951); R. Gálos: Kármán József (1954); V. Jülow: Fazekas Mihály (1955); B. Vargha: Csokonai Vitéz Mihály (1974). On Csokonai in English A. B. Katona’s monograph (Boston, 1980) is more than adequate, also J. Reményi’s Three Hungarian Poets (Washington, 1955).

Texts

A selection of texts from Bessenyei and the other testőr writers is available in English in M. C. Ives: Enlightenment and National Revival (1979). Orczy’s ‘Csárda of Bugac’ cf. J. Bowring’s Poetry of the Magyars (1830). Specimens of Ráday’s poetry ibid.; a poem by Baróti Szabó ibid.; his ‘Ode to a Fallen Walnut-tree’ by W. Kirkconnell in the Slavonic and East European Review (1938). Poems of Virág were translated by Bowring and Kirkconnell, of the sentimantalists, Ányos and Dayka, in Bowring’s Poetry of the Magyars. No English translation exists of Kármán’s Memoirs of Fanny. There is a critical edition of the works of Batsányi ed. by D. Keresztury and A. Tarnai, 4 vols. (1953-67). Some poems by Verseghy are to be found in Bowring, op. cit.

The best edition of Csokonai is by I. Harsányi and J. Gulyás, 3 vols. (1922); the most recent edition of his poetry is by B. Vargha, 2 vols. (1973). A critical edition by F. Szilágyi is in progress (vol. I, 1975).

Specimens of Csokonai’s poetry were translated by J. Bowring with little success, also by W. Kirkconnell and in N. Vállyi and D. M. Stuart eds., Magyar Poems (1911).