CÍMLAP
Málnási Bartók György
The essence of philosophy
CONTENTS, CONCLUSION
Contents
The Right Time
The Kolozsvár School of Philosophy
Zoltán Mariska: György Bartók de Málnás - The Philosopher
§ 1. The concept and function of philosophy
§ 2. The essence of philosophy and the philosophical spirit
§ 3. Philosophy is knowledge
§ 4. The root characteristics of philosophy: No. 1: universality
§ 5. The root characteristics of philosophy: No. 2: disinterested contemplation
§ 6. The philosopher's spiritual constitution and the root characteristics of philosophy
§ 7. Revision: knowledge, the self, and the non-self
§ 8. Further developments of the relation between the self and the non-self
§ 9. The self as its own object: consciousness and philosophy
§ 10. Philosophy is the self-knowledge of spirit
§ 11. Explanation of the concept of spirit - spirit in the mirror of philosophy
§ 12. Philosophy and system
§ 13. Philosophy is theory of knowledge all round
§ 14. The task and problems of philosophy as theory of knowledge
§ 15. Conditions and functions of knowledge: space and time
§ 16. A priori conditions of knowledge: causation
§ 17. Permanency and change. Substance and attributes.
§ 18. Ontology or basic philosophy, and axiology or theory of value
§ 19. Nature and culture
§ 20. The concept of value
§ 21. Value and evaluation
§ 22. Kinds of value, 1: sensual value and value of usefulness
§ 23. Kinds of value, 2: self-value
§ 24. The function and character of theories of value
§ 25. Conclusion
Conclusion
Philosophy is reflective thinking, the content of which is spirit itself
as the source of knowledge and value, and the aim of which is to raise to
consciousness the self-development of the understanding spirit. Philosophy
so understood is indeed totalising behaviour (as Hegel called it), which
re- establishes the unity of the Self and the Non-Self, i.e. establishes it
consciously, showing up the a priori and objective conditions, under which
reality can be constituted, i.e. created, and at the same time become known
under the same conditions.
All kinds of knowledge, both the natural sciences and the historical ones
equally, apply these same conditions, but they do not "know" of their
application. Philosophy makes just these a priori and objective conditions
a matter of investigation, and shows that they are the conditions of the
possibility of all knowledge. That is the reason philosophy rises above all
other knowledge and that is what its universality necessarily follows from.
Philosophy is not only universal but we can also say that philosophy is
One: what we call philosophical doctrines - ethics, logic, epistemology,
aesthetics, philosophy of history, etc. - are the ideal manifestations of
the One and indivisible philosophy presenting its different aspects. This
One and indivisible philosophy is a manifestation of the One and
indivisible spirit, a manifestation of its life emerging from its very
essence. Through and in philosophy the rich and abundant content of
reality, and of spirit itself, opens up before spirit, so that in this
revelation of reality it can sight its own traits and regularities with
clear and conscious intuition. Philosophy is indeed the disinterested
self-contemplation of spirit, by which it exposes, shapes, and so understands
its own infinite content, and makes conscious everything that has not yet
risen to consciousness in it. Philosophy is a universal attitude, with the
final aim of progressing degree by degree and time by time, to create and
establish the universal Whole, in which the Self and the Non-Self
intertwine to form a closely knit unity.